6. Conséquences de la surdité sur l’intelligibilité Chez les personnes atteintes de pertes auditives même légères, le phénomène de démasquage de la parole est nettement dégradé. Durant ces dernières décennies, des recherches ont eu pour but d’identifier les causes de cela.
a. Troubles de l’audibilité L’élévation du seuil auditif et la réduction de la bande passante audible entraînent une détection plus tardive et une perte des signaux faiblement énergétiques (consonnes) à l'origine de difficultés de compréhension que ce soit dans le silence ou dans le bruit.
b. Recrutement Un phénomène de recrutement de sonie peut accentuer la dégradation de l’intelligibilité et être à l’origine d’un certain inconfort. Par définition, le recrutement est la distorsion de la sensation d’intensité d’origine cochléaire. L’oreille « rattrape » sa perte tonale aux fortes intensités réalisant ainsi une compression de son échelle d’intensité sonore. On observe donc un pincement du champ auditif que l’on peut retrouver lors d’un seuil différentiel d’intensité [47]. 0400幸ちゃん ◆5V9dS9MYZOAP 2020/04/02(木) 02:25:57.12ID:??? c. Dégradation de la sélectivité fréquentielle Une dégradation de la sélectivité fréquentielle apparaît suite à un élargissement des filtres auditifs, lui-même entrainé par les pertes cochléaires. Ces filtres auditifs définissent la capacité d’un sujet à discriminer des sons de fréquences proches. Cela a un effet délétère sur la perception de la hauteur ainsi que sur l'identification des voyelles et certaines consonnes [48].
d. Dégradation de l’acuité temporelle En 2007, Fleuriot a démontré qu’une lésion cochléaire altère la capacité d’identification de la parole dans le bruit, fondée sur les informations temporelles de structure fine, mais qu’elle ne traduit pas une diminution de la capacité d’identification de la parole dans le silence, reposant sur les informations temporelles d’enveloppe.
Leven voor anderen, niet voor zich, dat is het wegenlijke van zijn bervoep.
Men moet eesten om te leven, maar niet leven om te eeten.
Rigt la uwe handelingen zoo in, dat het hoogste doel an uw beroep, behoud des levens, herstelling der gezondheid, en verzachting van anderen, zoo veel mogelijk bereilkt worde.
De geneesheer moet, in de uitoefenig van zijne kunst, alleen den mensch zien, en geen onderscheid maken tusschen armen en rijken, grooten of minderen... Wat is eene band vol goud bij de tranen der dankbaarheid in de oogen van den drme...
Maar hij wachte zich slechts, niet lightzinnighied, aanzien des persoons, of wat ook den besten gebevren kan, voor een stelsel en zust tot proefnemingen hem verlirden, om zijne pligten te verwaarloosen, of anders to handelen, dan hij had moeten handelen; 0423幸ちゃん ◆5V9dS9MYZOAP 2020/06/14(日) 08:52:52.21ID:??? 神楽坂淳の新「異説まちまち」 江戸時代にもあった給付金 ハーフに対する手厚い保障まで https://www.nikkan-gendai.com/articles/view/life/274572
インドの英字紙の長文記事。世界史の秘密が暴露されている。 0432幸ちゃん ◆5V9dS9MYZOAP 2021/11/23(火) 23:13:40.53ID:??? Royal families have frequently used marriage as a way of consolidating power and expanding their territorial influence
On October 26, Japanese Princess Mako formally relinquished her titles to marry Kei Komuro, a ‘commoner’ according to current succession laws in Japan. The marriage was soon subjected to sharp scrutiny and criticism, given that royals choosing regular people as their partners is still rare for most of the world. In fact, the norm was to use marriage as a tool for diplomacy and alliance building amongst royal families. While the practice is not as common as it was, history is littered with unions designed to consolidate power.
Marriage as a form of politics In a report for the International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, a collection of authors argue that in humans, “the most extreme cases of close inbreeding are frequently found in royal dynasties.” The practice is believed to have started with the Shang Dynasty in 1600 BCE and was favoured by the Egyptian pharaohs, the Roman emperors, and the Persian kings. Requiring royals to marry into royalty stems from the belief that so-called ‘royal blood’ is sacred and designated by God.
In a 1973 research paper on the politics of marriage, Patricia Flemming explains that traditionally illegitimate firstborns of a sovereign have no claim to the throne if their mother is a commoner. Flemming cites the example of Queen Victoria to make her point, noting that Victoria’s father had children older than her with his mistress, but because none of them possessed royal blood, they were not eligible for succession. 0433幸ちゃん ◆5V9dS9MYZOAP 2021/11/23(火) 23:14:18.46ID:??? Flemming notes that this practice was mainly common among the royal classes and in a survey of royal marriages in Europe, finds that 30 per cent of royals married close kin compared to only 10 per cent of commoners.
This is because the factors behind royal marriages are unique. Flemming states that matches were determined based on a set of criteria ranging from the size of land owned, the stability of the state, equality of rank and religious affiliation. As commoners possessed little political influence and were typically less wealthy, their unions were based on caste and religious lines and were less regulated by their families. Commoners were also exempt from the factional, and at times, hostile politics that dominated relations between royal houses.
Flemming concludes that “royal marriages could be, and frequently were, the means of tying one family directly into a network of relationships with a number of other, often antagonistic, royal families.” However, she also notes that these practices were not always successful, suggesting that “royal marriage seems, as best, a rather unpredictable tool in the political arena.”
Royal marriage was and continues to be, a very popular choice for members of the nobility across the world. In Europe, the Hohenzollerns of Prussia, the Bourbons of France and the British royal family, often married cousins. Napoleon as emperor, gave out kingdoms and female relatives to favoured marshals and general officers. In Korea, the Silla Kingdom had a practice that limited the succession of the throne to members with a ‘pure’ royal pedigree. In West Africa, the sons and daughters of Yoruba kings were frequently given out for marriage and in Southern Africa, marriages between the Swazi, Zulu and Thembu royal families were common. 0434幸ちゃん ◆5V9dS9MYZOAP 2021/11/23(火) 23:14:52.06ID:??? Perhaps no example better represents the practice of inter-marriage better than that of the Spanish Habsburgs. Over the course of 200 years, a total of 11 marriages were conducted by the Hapsburg kings, with nine of them occurring between the degree of third cousin or closer. The process of maintaining diplomatic ties through marriage was so common that the Habsburgs had a famous motto attributed to their tactics, “Let others wage war. You, happy Austria, marry!”
More recently, Queen Victoria of England was assigned the moniker of the ‘Grandmother of Europe’ due to her frequent matchmaking. Victoria had nine children and 42 grandchildren, who, after her death in 1901, continued to rule over large parts of Europe. Even today, out of the 28 remaining monarchies, five are held by descendants of Victoria. The current Queen of England herself is related to Victoria, as is her late husband, Prince Phillip.
The photograph above speaks volumes on the impact Victoria had around Europe. Taken in 1910, at the state funeral of Victoria’s son, it is the only photograph featuring nine simultaneously reigning monarchs. There were supposed to be 10 monarchs, but the Tsar of Russia was unable to attend. All ten sovereigns were related to Victoria. In fact, during the outbreak of World War One, the three greatest powers in Europe, Germany, Russia, and England, were all ruled by grandchildren of Victoria with the German Kaiser once remarking that, if his grandmother were alive at the time, she never would have allowed the War to happen 0435幸ちゃん ◆5V9dS9MYZOAP 2021/11/23(火) 23:30:51.89ID:??? 332山師さん@トレード中2021/11/23(火) 23:28:09.76ID:EI5zUb8Ea 〆.ノノ人ヽ 川@‘ロ‘メ 商事はガマン汁も舐めた過去を持つ・・・・・・
These rules are rooted in the idea of tracing royal lineage through the patriarch, who is the King (exception in case of the British Crown) and also in the idea of keeping the bloodline ‘pure’. In the olden times, the royals used the rhetoric of the ‘divine’ status to sway the public to acknowledge their legitimacy to rule. The royals were believed to have been conferred the power to rule by the divine, and their command was supposed to be that of the Gods. This has been evidenced in the inscriptions of the Ancient Egyptians to the ‘Devpuatras’ (translated to Sons of God), the Khushana Dynasty in India, as well as the 17th century European Kingships who devised a political doctrine called the ‘Divine Rights of King’ that granted them the authority to rule, conferred by God or the Chruch.
To keep the legitimacy and power the royals had to make sure their bloodline was ‘pure’ and ‘superior’, a concept that unfortunately still continues. When the female members of the royal families are given an ultimatum to exit the royal family upon marriage to a person who is not from a royal bloodline, the idea that is reinforced is that women are not legitimate carriers of the royal bloodline. Thus, perpetuating the patriarchal idea pf women being the lesser gender compared to the male heirs of the royal family. 0437幸ちゃん ◆5V9dS9MYZOAP 2021/11/26(金) 10:49:03.15ID:??? When such ideas are held by the ‘divinely chosen’ families, it percolates into the society’s idea of marriage and succession. Even in India, apart from the scarce matriarchs of the North east and Kerala, the country lives in a patriarchal set up where the main authority lies with the eldest male member of the family. After marriage, the bride is expected to move to the husband’s house, to take her husband’s family name and to name her children with her husband’s surname.
With the recent ruling from the Delhi High Court (Vindhya Saxena v East Delhi Municipal Corporation) that, “Every child has a right to choose his/her mother’s name as the surname” there is some hope for equality in heteronormative marriages between the man and the woman in terms of carrying the ‘bloodline’ and the family name.
It must also be noted that not all royal families are regressive in their approach to marriage. One fine example is of the Norwegian Royal Family. Their current head, King Herald, married Queen Sonja who was a commoner back in 1968. Their son, the Crown Prince Haakon Magnus also fell in love with a commoner and single mother Mette-Marit and married her in 2001. Mette- Marit’s now 20-year old son does not take part in royal duties but does take part in royal family gatherings.
This is testimony to the fact that even within the concept of being royalty, individuals can negotiate parity and strive to be more in tune with modern, progressive values. Being in positions of power, it is definitely up to the royalty to dismantle problematic power structures. The same reflects in families in terms of ascribing legitimacy of bloodline based on paternity. We must rethink these practices and ensure that we take steps forward into gender equality. 0438幸ちゃん ◆5V9dS9MYZOAP 2022/02/01(火) 07:58:12.11ID:??? 251幸ちゃん ◆5V9dS9MYZOAP 2022/02/01(火) 07:49:44.51ID:RXSnZehn0 最近へんてこりんな鳥がやたらと視界に入ってくる。 スズメとメジロの合いの子なら、「スズメジロ」? 0439幸ちゃん ◇5V9dS9MYZOAP2023/06/14(水) 18:26:20.83ID:tjoceaf0 再来週6月27日は誕生日なンだわ ぞろ目の44になるンだわ 祝ってくれよ 0440名無しさん@おだいじに2023/07/13(木) 15:25:53.57ID:??? 関心が薄い